Production Code W
aka The Massacre

First Transmitted:
1-05/02/1966 17:15
2-12/02/1966 17:15
3-19/02/1966 17:15
4-26/02/1966 17:15

Cast

Leslie Bates : 2nd Guard
Michael Bilton : Teligny
Clive Cazes : Captain of the Guard
Erik Chitty : Preslin
Norman Claridge : Priest
Cynthia Etherington : Old Lady / Old Woman
Edwin Finn : Landlord
William Hartnell : Abbot of Amboise
William Hartnell : The Doctor
Reginald Jessup : Servant
Barry Justice : Charles IX
Jackie Lane : Dodo - from Bell of Doom
André Morell : Marshal Tavannes
Peter Purves : Steven Taylor
Annette Robertson : Anne
Leonard Sachs : Admiral de Coligny
John Slavid : Officer
Ernest Smith : 2nd Man
Will Stampe : 1st Man
Jack Tarran : 1st Guard
Eric Thompson : Gaston
John Tillinger : Simon
Christopher Tranchell : Roger
David Weston : Nicholas
Joan Young : Catherine de Medici

 

Crew

stock : Incidental Music
Dennis Channon : Studio Lighting
Fiona Cumming : Assistant Floor Manager
Daphne Dare : Costumes
Gerry Davis : Script Editor
From The Bell of Doom
Ron Grainer : Title Music
and the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, arranged by Delia Derbyshire
Brian Hodgson : Special Sounds
Tony Leggo : Film Cameraman
John Lucarotti : Writer
Gordon Mackie : Studio Sound
Sonia Markham : Make-Up
Gerry Mill : Production Assistant
Paddy Russell : Director
Bob Rymer : Film Editor
Donald Tosh : Story Editor
Up until The Priest of Death
Donald Tosh : Writer
Richard Valentine : Assistant Floor Manager
John Wiles : Producer
Michael Young : Designer


Plot Outline from Wikipedia


The arrival of the TARDIS in Paris, France on August 19, 1572 places its occupants, the First Doctor and Steven Taylor in a dangerous situation. Tensions between Protestants and Catholics are at fever pitch in the city – with younger hotheads like Gaston, Viscount de Lerans, a Protestant Huguenot nobleman, and Simon Duval, a Catholic, drawn into violent confrontation in a tavern. Despite the danger, the Doctor heads off alone to visit the apothecary Charles Preslin, leaving Steven to drink alone but warning him to keep out of trouble. Moments later Steven attracts the attention for the landlord of the tavern for not settling his bill but is helped out financially by Nicholas Muss, a less aggressive Huguenot, who welcomes him to his party of drinkers. Muss explains that the marriage of the Protestant Prince Henri of Navarre, Gaston’s employer, to the Catholic Princess Marguerite de Valois, the sister of the King, is the cause of the heightened tension. While Steven, Gaston and Nicholas are wandering home the find a terrified serving girl, Anne Chaplet, who is terrified of being pressed into the service of a Catholic priest named the Abbot of Amboise. Anne is also scared because she has heard some guards in the pay of the Cardinal mention how a religious massacre of Huguenots back in her home town of Wassy a decade earlier could now be replicated in Paris. To protect her and her knowledge, Nicholas arranges that Anne goes into the service of his master, Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, the most senior Protestant adviser at the Royal Court. Steven too is offered a place to stay with the Admiral to avoid the curfew in the city, as the Doctor has not returned to the tavern as arranged.

By August 20 the Abbot of Amboise has arrived at his Parisian residence. He bears the exact likeness and voice of the Doctor. He is a religious zealot who acts as enforcer to the ever absent Cardinal of Lorraine, and the Abbot is about to journey to Paris to conduct a metaphorical witch-hunt against all heresy, including the apothecaries and the Huguenots. The Abbot sends his secretary Roger Colbert out to track down the missing Anne Chaplet, convinced she has worked out the threat to the Protestants. Colbert makes for de Coligny’s house and tries to convince Nicholas, Gaston and Steven that Anne has been over creative in her interpretation of what she heard. A little later Steven spies Colbert talking to the Abbot about the situation and is stunned that the cleric seems to be the Doctor. When Steven and Nicholas track down Preslin’s shop to try and find the Doctor, they discover it has been closed for two years after Preslin was arrested for heresy. This news makes Nicholas suspicious that Steven is a spy in the employee of the Doctor/Abbot.

In the Council of France a power struggle is in place between Tavannes, Marshal of France and an impassioned Catholic, and the more cautious Admiral de Coligny, who is trying to persuade the Court to back the Dutch in their war against Spain. By the end of the Council meeting de Coligny is confident his advice has been taken.

Steven has now fallen out with and evaded Nicholas Muss, instead taking his chances in the streets of Paris alone. He heads for the Abbot’s house, believing him to be the Doctor, and hides there while Tavannes, Duval and Colbert meet to discuss their plans: the “Sea Beggar dies tomorrow” assures Tavannes, as an assassin has been engaged to kill him when he departs the Royal Council in the Louvre. The Sea Beggar is a codename for de Coligny, but the conspirators do not reveal this. It is an order direct from Catherine de Medici, the Queen Mother, and the real power in France as her son, the weak King Charles IX of France, is much in awe of her power and authority. With night falling again, Steven heads out again and finds Anne following him. She has been dismissed from service for protesting Steven’s innocence in the Catholic plot. They hide the night at Preslin’s empty shop then determine to try and find the identity of the Sea Beggar. As they start thie search they agree that if they become separated they will return to Preslin's shop.

When the early Council resumes at the Louvre on the morning of August 21, Tavannes and de Coligny are still locked in conflict, and the King now seems less tempted by de Coligny’s arguments for entering a war. They also argue about domestic matters, with de Coligny urging more action to protect the Huguenots. In doing so he insults the Queen Mother, who leaves the Council Chamber in a fury. The Council is then dissolved for two days until St Bartholomew’s Day.

Steven and Anne call upon the Abbot, where he learns both that the Doctor is not the Abbot and the identity of the Sea Beggar. The pair flee before Anne can be confined, alerting the Abbot, Tavannes and Colbert of their danger since they evidently know too much. Steven and Anne make contact with Nicholas Muss and warn him the assassination of his master is about to take place. Nicholas bolts off and witnesses the assassination attempt, but fortunately de Coligny is merely wounded.

Tavannes believes the bungled assassination is the fault of the Abbot, who has become a liability, and the cleric is placed under arrest, suspected of being an impostor. At the Court, the King is also enraged by news of the assassination attempt – and vows the culprit will be caught. In response he calls a meeting of the Council and urges Tavannes to take measures to control the lawlessness on the streets, warning him that if anything further happens to the Admiral then he will be held responsible. The King also turns against the Queen Mother, believing her to be bloodied by the assassination attempt, and threatens her with a convent unless she desists in the political machinations. She responds by warning him that his own throne is not safe now that the Protestant Prince Henri is in line for the throne, sewing seeds of doubt in his mind.

De Coligny has meanwhile been moved to his house, and a surgeon called, and as Steven and Nicholas tend to him they too receive some shocking news: it seems the Abbot of Amboise has died! Steven is distraught, still partly convinced that the Doctor has adopted the Abbot’s guise, heads to the Abbot’s lodgings and sees the dead body there. It seems the Abbot has been assassinated too, enflaming the Catholic mob outside the house, which does not disappoint the real culprits, Colbert and Tavannes.

On the following day, August 22, Steven heads back to Preslin’s shop in a low mood and is reunited with Anne. A little later he is shocked when the Doctor himself arrives, brooking no criticism of his absence, and is very insistent that he and Steven must depart the city as soon as possible. Anne is sent to her aunt’s house, with a warning from the Doctor that she must stay behind doors for the next day. She heads off in fear and tears, while Steven and the Doctor head across the city.

The Queen Mother has now persuaded the King that the Huguenots are a threat to his reign, and has signed an edict authorising a Huguenot massacre over the next twenty-four hours. She also insists that that the massacre is not confined to a list drawn up by Tavannes, containing supposed enemies of the state, but rather is aimed at all Protestants within the city walls – bar Prince Henri himself, despite his supposed pretensions to the throne. The King also commands the gates to the city be locked. He has thus ordered the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of August 23 1572. Simon Duval and Colbert greet the coming massacre with more glee and bloodlust than that displayed by Tavannes, who fears the Queen Mother has gone too far.

The Doctor and Steven make it to the TARDIS just as the curfew is falling and depart as the massacre begins. Steven is in a foul mood, worried for Anne and his friends, and angry that the Doctor made him leave. The Doctor insists that history could not be changed: ten thousand Huguenots will die in Paris alone during the massacre, which will last for several weeks. De Coligny and Nicholas Muss will be amongst the dead, and possibly Anne too. Steven cannot accept that the Doctor had to leave Anne behind, and is so disgusted with his colleague that he determines to leave his company. When the TARDIS lands Steven offers a terse goodbye and ventures out into a woodland area. The Doctor is left totally alone for the first time, and reflects on the other companions that have travelled with him and then left him. Going home is not an option either…

The TARDIS has arrived in 1966 and a young girl enters the vehicle thinking it to be a Police Box on Wimbledon Common. A small child has been hurt in a road accident and she wishes to make a call. Steven arrives back too, saying that policemen are approaching, and his heart softens when the young woman introduces herself as Dorothea (or Dodo) Chaplet. It looks like Anne could have survived the massacre after all. She is an orphan who lives with her great aunt and so has few ties, and persuades the two men to take her with them on their travels.

 

Analysis by Cuisle


The massacre of the Hugenots in 1572 - The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve - is a historical fact. It is rather an obscure one, though, and an ambitious choice to build a Doctor Who story around. A commentator in 1993 said:-

'While the average sixties schoolchild or Mum or Dad might be expected to know at least something about the travels of Marco Polo or the warlords of the Third Crusade, the horrific slaying of 3,000 Protestants in sixteenth century France is hardly in common cultural currency... Crucially... it is Steven's ignorance of the significance of his surroundings that propels the narrative to its heart-rending conclusion.'

The Hugenots were a small sect of fairly inoffensive French Protestants. They were massacred by the ruling Catholics. In Britain at the same time the ruling Protestants were killing any Catholics they got hold of. In 1965, sectarian strife on the same theme was beginning to be a prevailing issue in Northern Ireland. It is easy to wonder if there was some lesson to be drawn from an episode that dwelt on this historical sectarianism. But I think that probably never entered the minds of those who put this story together.

One important point of the plot is that William Hartnell plays dual roles, as The Doctor, and as his lookalike, the evil Abbott. The two characters never meet, and The Doctor is not seen in large sections of the episodes. Steven is the character who carries much of the action. It has been said that this was the first episode in which a companion takes alead role, but actually Ian was always very much the 'lead' action hero in the very earliest episodes. With The Doctor portrayed in these episodes as an old man who is not able to run around, and whose health is questionable the kind of action that Christopher Eccleston's Doctor took on was always done by the healthy young male members of the TARDIS crew. The way the character changed over the years from a Gandalf like wise man guiding the younger active characters to being the man of action himself is an interesting aspect of the show in retrospect.

The character, Anne Chaplet, who is central to the plot was intended to be a new companion, the TARDIS being bereft of a female lead presently. But it was decided not to take another character from history because it either meant explaining technology all the time or the character was seen to be curiously incurious about the strange futuristic aspects of the TARDIS. Instead, in the last scene of the final episode they land in modern London and accidentally pick up Dodo Chaplet - apparently a descendent of Anne. One commentator however, pointed to a problem -

'What I've never been able to work out, is how Dodo is descended from Anne, unless Anne married someone with the same surname as herself.'

He clearly never considered the possibility that Anne could have been an unmarried mother. In any case, The TARDIS had a female on board again.

 

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